Propagation of radio waves

Description

Chapter One. AN OUTLINE OF RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

1.1. Basic Definitions

1.2. Classification of Radio Waves According to the Mechanism

of Propagation

1.3. Units and Symbols

1.4. Free-space Propagation of Direct Waves

1.5. Attenuation of Radio Waves Propagated in an Imperfectly Conducting Medium

1.6. Reflection of Radio Waves from the Earth’s Surface

1.7. Attenuation Function. Design Principles for Radio Links with Time-invariant Parameters

1.8. Signal Distortion in Propagation. Design Principles for Radio Links with Time-varying Parameters

Chapter Two. GROUND-WAVE PROPAGATION

2.1. Electrical Properties of the Earth’s Surface

2.2. Ground-wave Propagation over a Flat Earth with Elevated Transmitting and Receiving Aerials

2.3. Leontovich’s Approximate Boundary Conditions

2.4. The Field Structure at the Point of Reception

2.5. Radio Propagation over the Flat Earth, with the Aerials Located Directly at the Interface

2.6. Radio Propagation over an Inhomogeneous Surface. Coastal Refraction

2.7. Spherical-earth Problem. Line-of-Sight Propagation. Effect of the Earth’s Curvature

2.8. Radio Propagation over a Smooth Homogeneous Spherical

Earth

2.9. Radio Propagation over an Inhomogeneous Spherical Earth

2.10. Significant Volumes of Radio Transmission

2.11. Line-of-Sight Radio Propagation over Hills

2.12. Line-of-Sight Radio Propagation over a Rough Surface

2.13. Radio Propagation over a Knife Edge. all WJY We digue Mor

Chapter Three. THE EFFECT OF THE TROPOSPHERE ON GROUND

WAVES. PROPAGATION OF TROPOSPHERIC

WAVES

3.1. General Properties of the Troposphere, Composition and Structure

3.2. Refractive Index of the Troposphere

3.3. The Effect of the Troposphere on Ground Waves. Atmospheric Refraction Due to Meteo and Centimetr my Radio

3.4. Effective Earth’s Radius

3.5. The Effect of Fluctuations in the Troposphere on Ground Wave Propagation

3.6. Forms of Atmospheric Refraction

3.7. Conditions for Super-refraction

3.8. Radio Propagation under Conditions of Super-refraction

3.9. Long-distance Propagation of Ultra-short Waves by Trops spheric Scattering

3.10. Determination of the Effective Scattering Cross-section and the Significant Scattering Volume in the Troposphere

3.11. Fading in Tropospheric Scatter Propagation

3.12. Seasonal Variations in the Signal Level in Tropospheric Propagation of Ultra-short Waves. The Effect of Climatic Conditions

3.13. Approximate Calculations of Tropospheric Radio Links

3.14. Attenuation of Radio Waves in the Troposphere

3.15. Tropospheric Propagation of Radio Waves at Optical Frequences

Chapter Four. THE IONOSPHERE.

4.1. The Constitution and Structure of the Upper Atmosphere The Mechanism of Ionization

4.2. The Mechanism of Ionization

4.3. Ionizing Agencies

4.4. Ionization in a Homogeneous Atmosphere

4.5. Disappearance of Free Charges in the Atmosphere

4.6. Ionization in the Real Atmosphere

4.7. Radio Propagation in a Homogeneous Ionized Gas

4.8. The Phase and Group Velocities of Radio Waves in an lonized Gas

4.9. Radio Propagation in a Homogeneous Ionized Gas in the Presence of a Permanent Magnetic Field

4.10. Refraction and Reflection of Radio Waves in the Ionosphere

4.11. Ionospheric Stations

4.12. Virtual, Ionospheric Height and Path

4.13 Tonospheric Maps

Chapter Five. IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION

5.1. Physical Processes in the Propagation of Sub-audio Waves. Magnetohydrodynamic Waves

5.2. Physical Processes in the Propagation of Audio-frequency Waves. Whistling Atmospherics

5.3. Physical Processes in the Propagation of Very Long and Long Waves yo

5.4. Variations in VLW and LW Propagation

5.5. Calculation of Field Strength in the LW and VLW Bands

5.6 Physical Processes in the Propagation of Medium Waves

5.7. Variations in MW Propagation 5.8. Calculation of the Sky-wave Signal in the MW Band

5.9. Physical Processes in the Propagation of Short Waves

5.10. Fading in the SW Band

5.11. The Primary Skip Zone

5.12. Short-wave Echoes

5.13. The Sunspot-cycle Variations in Short-wave Signal Strength 5.14. The Effects of Geomagnetic Disturbances on Short-wave Pro- pagation

5.15. Calculation of Short-wave Radio Circuits

5.16. Propagation of Metric Waves Due to Reflections from the Regular Regions of the Ionosphere and the Sporadic E Layer

5.17. Propagation of Metric Waves Through Scatter from the Iono-

sphere

5.18. Propagation of Metric Waves Due to Meteor Trails

5.19. Modes of Propagation for Metric Waves

5.20. Propagation of Decimetric and Centimetric Waves

5.21. Propagation of Millimetric Waves

5.22. Propagation of Optical-frequency Radio Waves

Chapter Six. ATMOSPHERIC AND COSMIC NOISE

6.1. Main Sources of Noise

6.2. Atmospheric Noise.

6.3. Cosmic Noise.

6.4. Thermal Noise Due to the Atmosphere and Earth’s Surface

Chapter Seven. SPACE COMMUNICATION.

7.1. Basic Definitions.

7.2. General Principles of Satellite Communications

7.3. Energy Considerations in Satellite Communications Systems

7.4. Prospects of World-wide Satellite Communications Systems

7.5. Ground-to-Space and Space-to-Space Communications.